What this means in practice
One relevant standard requires both an enforced DMARC policy and a trademark certificate, so a request cannot be fulfilled by changing a profile setting alone.
Check those prerequisites before investing in the setup.
Practical guidance
The image or symbol shown beside a sender's name is controlled by the recipient's mail client, which may use its own contacts or cached information. A sender cannot force every client to display the same avatar. The established standard that can influence brand marks is BIMI, and it has prerequisites including an enforced DMARC policy and a trademark certificate, which can cost around $1,000 per year.
Start by deciding whether that level of verification is worthwhile for your organization. If you pursue it, make sure DMARC is enforced for the sending domain and confirm the required trademark documentation before expecting a logo to appear. Even then, display depends on recipient-side support and behavior. For ordinary identity consistency, use a recognizable From name and address; those are the parts you control directly across mail clients.